The fir is a coniferous tree with an upright trunk that can reach a height of 40 meters. It grows on silicate substrates, but is most commonly found on neutral, slightly acidic, and in some cases, extremely acidic soils. It thrives best in fresh, humus-rich soil and relatively high humidity. It is sensitive to polluted air. Its maximum height is reached at 200 years, and the lifespan of this species is about 500 years. The fir is found in temperate climate zones, up to 1,500 meters above sea level, mainly in the mountainous regions of Europe. It is native to the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Carpathians and the Balkan Peninsula.